Calculate the pH of 0.510 L of a 0.220 M NH_4Cl and 0.220 M NH_3 buffer before and after the addition of the following substances. Assume that the volume remains constant.
Calculate the initial pH =
Calculate the pH after the addition of 0.0048 mol of NaOH.
Calculate the pH after the addition of 0.018 mol of HCl.