In an estuary, free Zn2+ will form complexes with the Cl- as below where log Kf are the formation (stability) constants:
Zn2+ + Cl- = ZnCl+ (log Kf1 = 0.40)
ZnCl+ + Cl- = ZnCl2 (log Kf2 = 0.60)
ZnCl2 + Cl- = ZnCl3- (log Kf3 = 0.50)
ZnCl3- + Cl- = ZnCl42- (log Kf4 = 0.20)
(a) Write out the equation for the overall (not stepwise) formation of each complex.
(b) Calculate the overall formation constant, β, for each of the four Zn complexes