Problem:
ABC firm has a debt to equity ratio of 2.3 and new investments would cost $35 million this year. The firm expects earnings of $12 million this year.
Required:
Question 1: Calculate the dividends paid and external financing required if the firm follows a residual dividend policy.
Question 2: Calculate the dividends paid and external financing required if the firm has a fixed payout ratio of 25%.
Note: Explain all calculation and formulas.