Using the three-bus sample system shown in Figure, assume that the three meters have the following characteristics.
|
Meter
|
Full Scale (MW)
|
Accuracy (MW)
|
σ(pu)
|
|
M12
|
100
|
±6
|
0.02
|
|
M13
|
100
|
±3
|
0.01
|
|
M32
|
100
|
±0.6
|
0.002
|
a. Calculate the best estimate for the phase angles θ1 and θ2 given the following measurements.
|
Meter
|
Measured Value (MW)
|
|
M12
|
60.0
|
|
M13
|
4.0
|
|
M32
|
40.5
|
b. Calculate the residual J(x). For a significance level, a, of 0.01, does J(x) indicate the presence of bad data? Explain.
