Problem 1: Several potential investors have been studying the affairs Grafton Pty Ltd to decide whether to invest in the company by purchasing unsecured notes with the company was proposing to issue. The statements of financial position at 30 June 2018 and 2019 follow:
GRAFTON PTY LTD
Statement of Financial Position
As at 30 June
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2019 2018
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CURRENT ASSETS $ $
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Cash at bank 3,264 2,832
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Marketable securities 1,519 1,775
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Accounts receivable 1,178 930
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Inventories 2,619 1,848
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Other current assets 3,094 3,605
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Total Current Assets 11,674 10,990
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Non-Current Assets 19,960 16,276
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TOTAL ASSETS 31,634 27,266
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CURRENT LIABILITIES
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Accounts payable 4,880 4,300
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Bills payable 1,574 2,555
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Current maturities of long-term debt 978 450
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Accrued expense 720 728
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Provisions 3,420 2,345
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Total Current liabilities 11,572 10,378
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NON-CURRENT LIABILITIES
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Long-term debt 5,800 4,160
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2019 2018
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$ $
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Accrued expenses (payroll) 5,425 4,730
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Other non-current liabilities 2,390 2,055
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Total Non-current Liabilities 13,615 10,945
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TOTAL LIABILITIES 25,187 21,323
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TOTAL EQUITY 6,447 5,943
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TOTAL LIABILITIES AND EQUITY 31,634 27,266
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Required:
a. Calculate appropriate liquidity and financial stability ratios for the years ended 30 June 2018 and 2019. Research reveals that typical ratios in the industry for the current and quick ratios are 1.7:1 and 1.0:1 respectively. For financial stability ratios the Debt ratio (total liability/total assets) and the Leverage ratio (total assets/total equity), industry averages are 2.5:1 for the leverage ratio and 60% for the debt ratio. (Must show your workings/calculations)
b. Comment on the liquidity and financial stability of the company, given the information available.
c. Would you, as one of the potential investors in unsecured notes, lend money to the company? Explain why or why not
Problem 2: Dunning Ltd. manufactures a popular power nail gun suitable for the home renovator. Financial and other data for this product for the last twelve months are as follows:
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Sales
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20,000 units
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Selling Price
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$130 per unit
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Variable manufacturing cost
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$50 per unit
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Fixed manufacturing costs
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$400,000
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Variable selling and administrative costs
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$30 per unit
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Fixed selling and administrative costs
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$300,000
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The directors of Dunning Ltd. want to try to increase the profitability of this product and invited senior staff to suggest how this might be done. Three suggestions have been received.
- The accountant, Jim Jackson, believes that a price increase of $10 per unit is the best way to boost profits. He would spend an additional $125000 on national advertising and contends that if this is done, sales volume would not drop appreciably from last year.
- The production manager, Tim Walter, thinks that an improved quality product could increase sales volume by 25% if accompanied by an advertising campaign costing $50000 aimed at trades people as well as home renovators. The improved quality would add $5 per unit to the variable cost. Mr Walter believes that the price should not be increased.
- The sales manager, Sandy Smith, wants to undertake a promotion campaign where a $10 rebate is offered on all nail guns sold during the three months beginning 1 April. Normally 6000 units are sold during that period and Ms Smith believes that this could be boosted to 10,000 units if an advertising campaign costing $40,000 were launched late in March.
You have been asked by the Dunning board to comment on each of these three proposals. Draft a report in response to this request. You are not asked to make an outright choice, but rather to analyze the potential strengths and weaknesses of each proposal by calculating break-even point. The sales volumes forecast by each staff member should be treated as estimates only and your report should examine the effects of variations in actual sales from these forecasts and its respective break-even point. Show your calculations to support your comments and mention qualitative factors that may also be involved.
Problem 3:
ABC Ltd makes trailers. It receives a special order to produce 350 trailers for a local retail outlet. The order will take 2,100 kg of material that costs $16.10 per kg and will require 1,400 direct labour hours and 525 machine hours. The following are the expected/budgeted annual costs for ABC Ltd:
Direct labour $327,600
Direct labour hours 25,795
Direct materials $193,200
Indirect costs $98,400
Machine hours 9,840
Required: (must show your calculations/workings)
a. Calculate the overhead allocation rate: note that the process is labour-intensive
b. Calculate the total costs of the special order
c. Calculate the cost of the special order if ABC Ltd uses machine time as the basis for allocating overheads
d. Calculate the minimum price per trailer that ABC Ltd could accept.
e. Write around 200 words explaining how segmenting the overheads can help in allocating overhead costs to individual jobs or services. You must support your discussion by readings and research and acknowledge the source of your information (referencing).
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