Problem
Mishkins Inc.'s common stock currently sells for $45.00 per share, the company expects to earn $2.75 per share during the current year, its expected payout ratio is 70%, and its expected constant growth rate of dividends is 6.00%. New stock can be sold to the public at the current price, but a flotation cost of 12% would be incurred. By how much would the cost of new stock exceed the cost of retained earnings?