Response to the following:
In this problem, we contrast two BJT integrated-circuit fabrication technologies: For the "old" technology, a typical npn transistor has IS = 2 × 10-15 A, and for the "new" technology, a typical npn transistor has IS = 2 × 10-18 A. These typical devices have vastly different junction areas and base width. For our purpose here we wish to determine the vBE required to establish a collector current of 1 mA in each of the two typical devices. Assume active-mode operation.