Programming Assignment: Basic Game of Battleship
I. Learner Objectives:
At the conclusion of this programming assignment, participants should be able to:
Apply and implement pointers 2-dimenional arrays
Define and apply structs in C
II. Prerequisites:
Before starting this programming assignment, participants should be able to:
Apply and implement pointers in C
Pass output parameters to functions
Analyze a basic set of requirements and apply top-down design principles for a problem
Apply repetition structures within an algorithm
Construct while (), for (), or do-while () loops in C
Compose C programs consisting of sequential, conditional, and iterative statements
Eliminate redundancy within a program by applying loops and functions
Create structure charts for a given problem
Open and close files
Read, write to, and update files
Manipulate file handles
Apply standard library functions: fopen (), fclose (), fscanf (), and fprintf ()
Compose decision statements ("if" conditional statements)
Create and utilize compound conditions
Summarize topics from Hanly&Koffman Chapter 8 including:
What is an array?
Distinguishing between single dimensional and 2-dimentional arrays
What is an index?
III. Overview & Requirements:
Write a program that simulates the game of Battleship. The game will be completely text-based (see Sample Execution). Battleship is a two player Navy game. The objective of the game is to sink all ships in your enemy's fleet. The Player to sink his/her enemy's fleet first wins. Both players' fleets consist of 5 ships that are hidden from the enemy. Each ship may be differentiated by its "size" (besides the Cruiser and Submarine) or number of cells it expands on the game board. The Carrier has 5 cells, Battleship has 4 cells, Cruiser has 3 cells, Submarine has 3 cells, and the Destroyer has 2 cells.
The program should be built such that the user is Player1 and the computer is Player2. Two boards exist within the game. Hint: each board should be implemented as a 2-dimensional array. Each 2-dimensional array should be 10 X 10. One represents Player1's board and one represents Player2's board. At the beginning of the game each Players' game board should be initialized to all '-' indicating that no ships have been placed on either board. Before the game starts, Player1 should have the option to either manually place each of the 5 ships in his/her fleet or to have them randomly placed on the board. If Player1 decides to place the ships manually, then he/she should be prompted to place the Carrier first, Battleship second, Cruiser third, Submarine fourth, and the Destroyer last. Note that ships cannot be placed diagonally on the board, they can only be placed vertically or horizontally. You program must check to see if the user tries to place a ship outside the boundaries of the board or on top of a ship that has already been placed. Each cell on the board that contains part of the ship must be indicated by 'c' for Carrier, 'b' for Battleship, 'r' for Cruiser, 's' for Submarine, or 'd' for Destroyer. For example, if the Carrier was placed then the board should contain 5 'c' s for each cell on the board that has a piece of the Carrier, etc. Once Player1's ships have been placed, Player2's ships must be randomly placed. Note that the placement of Player2's ships must be unknown. Thus, Player2's board will only display '-' in each cell after the placement of each ship. The program should randomly select Player1 or Player2 to go first.
Once it has been decided on which player goes first, the game starts. Whenever it's Player1's turn, a prompt should be displayed asking for a position to target (specifying where to "shoot") on the enemy's (Player2's) board (2-dimensional array). The position should be specified in terms of a row and a column on the board. The row and column should always be displayed along with the board. If the position specified happens to hit a ship, then a '*' should replace the '-' on Player2's board. If the positioned specified misses any one of the ships in the fleet, then a 'm' should replace the '-' on Player2's board. Note that from turn-to-turn each player should NOT be allowed to enter the same position. Also, between turns clear the screen (system("cls")). In one turn, a player can only take one shot at the enemy's (other player's) fleet. When Player2 takes a shot at Player1's board, each hit should be specified with a '*' and each miss with a 'm' on Player1's board. The game is over win Player1 or Player2 has sunk all of the ships in the fleet of the enemy.
For each move made by Player1 and Player2, the results should be echoed to a file called "battleship.log". In this file, you should log the targeted position by each player on each move and whether it was a hit on one of the ships in the fleet. Also, if one of the ships happens to sink, then note this in the log file. For more information about the rules of Battleship visit: Rules of Battleship.
At the end of the game, Player1's and Player2's statistics should be written to "battleship.log". The stats include total number of hits, total number of misses, total number of shots, hits to misses ratio (as a percentage), and won or lost the game. Note that the statistics should be placed into a structure called Stats. You need two variables of type Stats, one for Player1 and one for Player2. Once the game has ended you should write the contents of each struct variable to the "battleship.log" file.