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Attribution Theory
- Attribution theory suggests that when we observe an individual's behavior, we attempt to determine whether it was internally or externally caused.
- Internally caused - those that are believed to be under the personal control of the individual.
- externally caused - resulting from outside causes
- Attribution determination depends on three factors:
- Distinctiveness
- Consensus
- Consistency
Attribution Distortions
- We have a tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal or personal factors.
- Individuals attribute their own successes to internal factors and blame failures on external factors.
- Serves to protect/enhance one's self-esteem
Applications of Shortcuts in Organizations
- Employment Interview
- Consider the role of the first impressions...
- Performance Expectations - Consider the role of the self-fulfilling prophecy or Pygmalion effect...
- Performance Evaluation - Consider the role of subjectivity...