Sally Smith believes that she has been passed over for promotion because of her gender. She has requested the Human Resources Department of her company to investigate. They have taken a random sample of personnel who have applied for promotion over the last two years and classified them by gender and whether or not they were promoted. The results of the study are shown below:
Promoted Not Promoted
Male 80 20
Female 45 25.
At an alpha level of 0.05 are promotions independent of gender or is there a relationship?