1. A 1-k? resistor charges a capacitance of 100 fF from 0 V to VDD. Determine the energy dissipated in the resistor.
2. A digital circuit contains one million gates, and runs with a clock frequency of 2 GHz. Assuming that, on the average, 20% of the gates switch in every clock cycle, and the average load capacitance seen by each gate is 20 fF, determine the average power dissipation. Neglect the crowbar current. (Note that the result is unrealistically low because the crowbar current is neglected.)