One criterion used to evaluate employees in the assembly section of a large factory is the number of defective pieces per 1,000 parts produced. The quality control department wants to find out whether there is a relationship between years of experience and defect rate. Since the job is repetitious, after the initial training period any improvement due to a learning effect might be offset by a loss of motivation. A defect rate is calculated for each worker in a yearly evaluation. The results for 100 workers are given in the table below.
Referring to Table 11-4, of the cell for 1 to 4 years of training time and a high defect rate, what is the contribution to the overall ÷2 statistic for the independence test?
a) 0.36
b) 0.1296
c) 0.015
d) 0.044