Array - when items are arranged in a regular rectangular pattern of rows and columns, counting how many there are. (e.g., if there are 3 rows of 5 girls each, how many girls are there altogether?)
Scale (or multiplying factor) - situations in which we are given a quantity, and have to find what it will be when enlarged by a factor. (e.g., if bananas are Rs. 6 a dozen, and apples are 5 times as expensive, what is the price of a dozen apples?)