Problem: KRAS is a proto-oncogene, meaning that when it acquires mutations, it becomes heavily expressed and tends to cause cancer. Answer the following questions:
1) Assume that an individual is born with KRAS mutations. That person can also pass those mutations to offspring. Is this an example of a deleterious, neutral, or advantageous mutation to the organism? Explain your answer for credit.
2) Assume that a few stomach cells acquire KRAS mutations. Are these mutations deleterious or advantageous to the cells? You must explain your answer for credit.
3) Humans and mice have the KRAS gene. Are these genes orthologs or paralogs? Explain your answer.