Problem: Applying Cognitive Psychology to Learning The testing effect, engaging in retrieval practice rather than passively restudying to improve long-term learning, is one of the most robust findings in cognitive psychology. For this topic, deep-dive into what cognitive psychologists know about the testing effect. How would students implement this study strategy? Are there any limitations to this approach? What other study strategies have cognitive psychologists found to be effective? Roediger, H. L. & Karpicke, J. D. (2006). Test-enhanced learning: taking memory tests improves long-term retention. Psychological Science, 17(3), 249-255. Roediger, H. L. & Butler, A. C. (2011). The critical role of retrieval practice in long-term retention. Trends in Cognitive Science, 15(1), 20-27.