Assignment:
Consider a turbo code consisting of two, four state convolutional codes as the component codes, both of which are described by the same trellis as shown in Figure. The code rate is equal to z and the block length is equal to 12. The second encoder is left unterminated. The branch metrics, forward state metrics, and reverse state metrics for the data bits associated with the terminated encoder are described by the matrices that follow. The received 12-signal vector is of the form data signal, parity signal, data signal, parity signal, and so forth, and has the following values:
Calculate the log-likelihood ratio for each of the six data bits (dk), and by using the MAP decision rule, find the most likely data-bit sequence that was transmitted.
Provide complete and step by step solution for the question and show calculations and use formulas.