An undisturbed soil sample has a total unit weight of 19.4 kN/m3, a dry unit weight of 16.9 kN/m3, and a specific gravity of soil solids (Gs) of 2.69. Determine
(a) Void ratio (e)
(b) Porosity (n)
(c) Degree of saturation (S in %)
If the sample could be saturated without changing its porosity, calculate the amount of water (in kN) to be added per cubic meter of soil to achieve 100% saturation.