An 8-station flow line operates with an ideal cycle time of 35 sec. Two types of down times are being observed. First, due to electrical and mechanical reasons, the frequency of line stop is 0.05 stop/cycle for 4 minutes. Second, the line is stopped for 10 minutes every 200 cycles to change cutting tools. The cost of raw material is $0.35 /part, the cost to operate the line is $0.50 /min, and the cost of tooling is $0.02 /part.
Calculate the following by assuming upper-bound approach:
a) Average production time, Tp
b)Average production rate, Rp
c) Line efficiency, E
d) Proportion of downtime, D
e) Average cost per part, Cpc