All of the following are related to a proposed project. Which of these should be included in the cash flow at time zero?
I. purchase of $1,400 of parts inventory needed to support the project
II. loan of $125,000 used to finance the project
III. depreciation tax shield of $1,100
IV. $6,500 of equipment needed to commence the project
A. I and II only
B. I and IV only
C. II and IV only
D. I, II, and IV only
E. I, II, III, and IV