ADDRESS RESOLUTION WITH MESSAGE EXCHANGE
An alternative to local calculation is a distributed function. A computer that requires to find an address transmits a message across a network and gets a reply. The message takes a request that species the protocol address and reply carries the corresponding hardware address.
In that type there are two possible functions:
CENTRALIZED:
A network adds one or more networks that are given the task of answering address resolution requests. It has an advantage that resolution is simpler to manage, configure and control.
DISTRIBUTED:
Every computer on the network participates in address resolution by agreeing to result resolution request for its physical address. It also has an advantage that address resolution networks can become a bottleneck and reduce price.