1. A testable explanation of a broad range of related phenomena that is relied upon by scientists with a high degree of confidence is referred to as ________.
a law
a theory
a dogma
2. The smaller unit molecules (monomers) which combine to form proteins and polypeptides are called ____________.
fatty acids
monosaccharides
amino acids
nucleotides
3. Enzymes, some hormones, and structural molecules like keratin and collagen are examples of ______________.
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
4. An atom that has gained or lost electrons is referred to as _______________.
an ion
a molecule
an isotope
an element
5. Cell membranes consist of _____________.
a complex carbohydrate webbing
a flexible sheet of protein
a network of microfilaments and microtubules
a double layer of phospholipids
6. Which of the following transport mechanisms requires ATP to move materials across a plasma membrane?
simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
active transport
7. A cell is placed in a solution. If the cell is observed to shrink, the solution must be _________________ relative to the interior of the cell.
hypertonic
hypotonic
isotonic
toxic
8. Consider the following two statements:
(1) " Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be changed in form."
(2) "If energy changes form, the change is never 100% efficient."
(Points : 5)
These statements are expressions of the 1st and 2nd energy laws.
These statements don't apply to any cells.
These statements are both false.
These statements apply only to eukaryotic (higher) cells.
9. The part of an enzyme that "fits" its substrate is called its __________ site.
repressor
promoter
active
operator
10. In higher cells, cellular (aerobic) respiration with production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is carried out in the _______________.
mitochondrion
nucleus
plasma membrane
endoplasmic reticulum
11. Meiosis differs from mitosis because _______________. )
meiosis results in diploid daughter cells
meiosis involves two cell divisions
DNA replicates before the start of meiosis
meiosis occurs all over the human body
12. Leaves are green because ____________. (Points : 5)
carotenoids absorb green light
carotenoids reflect green light
chlorophylls a and b absorb green light
chlorophylls a and b reflect green light
13. Many human traits such as eye color and height are controlled by _______________.
sex-linked inheritance
Mendel's laws
polygenic inheritance
incomplete dominance
14. ______________ is a nucleic acid base found in ribonucleic acid (RNA) but not in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
Uracil (U)
15. Which of the following is not a possible outcome of recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) technology?
mass production of human hormones by bacteria
estimating the age of a rock sample
increasing the production of hardier crops
correcting a human disease
16. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method of ________________.
speeding up the production of mRNA proteins
making multiple identical copies of small amounts of DNA
decoding the nucleotide sequence of a gene
17. Which of the following is most likely to cause a cell to become cancerous?
mutation of a tumor supressor gene
premature apoptosis
cytokinesis
contact inhibition
18. The normal complement of sex chromosomes for a human male is ___________.
YY
XY
XX
XXY
19. An allele is ____________.
an alternate form of a gene
a gene found on different chromosomes (e.g., on chromosome numbers 1 and 5)
a gene located at two different positions on the same chromosome
a sex cell
20. A visual display of metaphase chromosomes arranged by size, shape, and banding pattern is ______.
a genetic disorder
a centrosome
a karyotype
amniocentesis