Question: For each of the following, indicate whether or not the situation describes misleading data that the researcher may decide to investigate and potentially discard.
a. A sample of 50 students rate their agreement with 100 statements designed to assess their political attitudes. The rating scale goes from 1 (definitely disagree) to 7 (definitiely agree). One participant provides a response of 1 to all 100 statements.
b. A researcher measures the time it takes participants to hit a button upon hearing a warning signal. In her sample of 34 participants, she finds that the mean response time is 413 milliseconds (ms) with a standard deviation of 30 ms. One participant has a response time of 420 ms.
c. A researcher measures the time it takes participants to hit a button upon hearing a warning signal. In previous studies, she found that the mean response time is 413 ms with a standard deviation of 30 ms. In the current study, one participant had a response time of 1220 ms, which drives up the overall mean of the sample.