A line of sheet piling is driven 4m into a firm clay and retains, on one side, a 3m depth of fill on top of the clay. Water table level is at the surface of the clay. The unit weight of the fill is 18kN/m3 and the saturated unit weight of the clay is 20kN/m3.
Calculate the active and passive pressures at the lower end of the sheet pilling.
If cu = 50 kN/m2, cw = 25 kN/m2 and ?u = ? = 0 and
If c’ = 10 kN/ m2, cw = 5 kN/ m2 and ?’ = 26° and ? = 13°, for the clay