(a) Explain briefly the functions of the spiral casing guide vanes, and draft tube of a reaction water.
(b) A Kaplan turbine developing 3250 KW under a head of 6m has a draft tube with inlet diameter 2.8 m and is placed 1.5 m above the tail water. If the vacuum gauge connected to inlet of draft tube reads 5m of water, calculate efficiency of turbine. Consider the draft tube efficiency as 76% and take atmospheric pressure 10.3 m of water.