A 300 mm diameter pipe is placed in a 3 m deep rectangular trench that is 0.60 m wide. The trench is backfilled with clay that has a bulk unit weight of 18.8 kN/m3.
1) Compute the dead load due to backfill that the pipe must support.
2) If the pipe is standard strength VCP, what class of bedding should be specified for construction to have a safety factor of 1.5?