A 2.0-in-long billet with diameter = 1.25 in is direct extruded to a diameter of 0.50 in. The extrusion die angle = 90°. For the work metal, K= 45,000 lb/in2 and n=0.20. In the Johnson extrusion strain equation, a= 0.8 and b= 1.5. Determine
(a) extrusion ratio,
(b) true strain (homogeneous deformation),
(c) extrusion strain, and
(d) ram pressure at L= 2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.5 and zero in.