1. The nature of campaign finance tends to favor incumbency because
- members of Congress can use unlimited amounts of money from the U.S. Treasury for their campaigns.
- political action committees prefer to give to members who support their interests.
- members need to raise huge sums of money in order to get re-elected.
- political Action Committees prefer to give to those who are new to politics.
2. The federal system can be thought of as a marble cake because
- the overlap of state and national functions resembles the interweaving of flavors in the cake.
- state and national functions are very distinct.
- it is clear where state authority ends and national authority begins.
- federalism is really a mushy system.
3. John C. Calhoun proposed the following to assert states' right:
- secession from the union.
- the right of the states to take up arms against the national government.
- the right of states to tax the national government.
- nullification and interposition.
4. According to the trustee model of representation, members of Congress
- live by public opinion polls.
- do what they think is right and vote their conscience.
- do as their constituents instruct them.
- obey the dictates of the White House.