1. For the isentropic flow of an ideal gas with constant specific heat ratio k, the ratio of the temperature T* to the stagnation temperature To is T*/To 5 2/(k 1 1). Develop this relationship.
2. A gas expands isentropically through a converging nozzle from a large tank at 8 bar, 500 K. Assuming ideal gas behavior, determine the critical pressure p*, in bar, and the corresponding temperature, in K, if the gas is
(a) air.
(b) carbon dioxide (CO2).
(c) water vapor.