Question 1: According to Shaw and McKay, which zones had the highest crime rates?
Zones I and II
Zones I and IV
Zones II and V
Zones V and VI
QUESTION 2. According to ____________ theory, the key to understanding the root cause of crime can be found in the nation's socioeconomic makeup.
Economic
Cultural Deviance
Social Structure
Strain
QUESTION 3. The goal of accumulating material goods and wealth through individual competition involving the process of being socialized to pursue material success and to believe it is achievable is called the:
Success hypothesis
False-precipitation theory
American dream
Hard-work hypothesis
QUESTION 4. Collective efficacy is the social control exerted by cohesive communities.
True
False
QUESTION 5. ______________ behavior is any action that departs from the social norms of society.
Deviant
Illegal
Criminal
Misdemeanor
QUESTION 6. Which was the first written criminal code?
Common Law Code
Mosaic Code
Code of Hammurabi
U.S. Code
QUESTION 7. By the mid-eighteenth century, social philosophers began to argue for a more __________ approach to punishment.
Rational
Reciprocal for victims' feelings
Rapid
Punitive
QUESTION 8. Deciding what to study presents a major ethical concern for criminologists.
True
False
QUESTION 9. The primary sources of crime data are:
Media reports and journal articles
Public and open
Surveys and official reports
Interviews and photographs
QUESTION 10. To address the nonreporting issue, the federal government sponsors the:
IPSR
UCR
FDIC
NCVS
QUESTION 11. __________ uses multiple advances computational methods, including artificial intelligence, to analyze large data sets usually involving one or more data solutions.
Data mining
Crime mapping
Logic bombing
Trojan horsing
QUESTION 12. __________ is the illegal use of force against innocent people to achieve a political objective.
Espionage
Terrorism
Treason
bribery
QUESTION 13. Criminologists look for _________ crime-rate patters to gain insight into the nature of crime.
Increasing
Decreasing
Random
Stable
QUESTION 14. In the past, how did criminologists view crime victims?
As an indirect role in a criminal incident.
As merely the passive targets of a criminal's anger or greed.
As fully responsible for the criminal incident.
As an active role in the incident.
QUESTION 15. Victim precipitation can be either:
Scientific or empirical
Active or passive
Encouraged or discouraged
Instigated or non-responsive
QUESTION 16. Most crime victims are people who are simply in the wrong place at the wrong time.
True
False
QUESTION 17. Rational choice theorists view crime as both _________ and ________ specific.
Offense and offender
Reward and offender
Victim and offender
Offense and victim
QUESTION 18. The basic premise of ___________ theory is that there is more than one path to crime and more that one class of offender.
Life course theory
Propensity theory
Trajectory theory
QUESTION 19. Sutherland believed that acquiring criminal behavior is a _______ process.
Socialization
Legal
Financial
Political
QUESTION 20. Social reaction theory is also called ________________.
Strain theory
False perception theory
Labeling theory
Differential association
QUESTION 21. Which of the following is not listed as a cybercrime?
Cybersex
Cyberterrorism
Cyberwar
Cybertheft
QUESTION 22. Critical criminologists believe that ______________ are now more powerful than ever.
Cites
States
Corporations
Individuals
QUESTION 23. Cybercrimes are easy to detect through traditional law enforcement methods.
True
False
QUESTION 24. Only nonviolent acts can be considered political crimes.
True
False
QUESTION 25. _______ is the most serious of all common-law crimes and is the only one in the United States that can still be punished by death.
Rape
White-collar crimes
Terrorism
Murder