Tools of Genetic Engineering

Tools of Genetic Engineering:

Genetic engineering that includes isolation of a gene segment from the entire genome, cloning of the gene into multiple copies and their expression requires numerous biological tools. Some of them are given below:

1. Enzymes:

a. Exonucleases,
b. Endonucleases,
c. Restriction endonucleases,
d. SI enzymes to translate the cohesive ends of single stranded DNA fragments into blunt ends,
e. DNA ligases,
f. Alkaline phosphatase,
g. Reverse transcriptase,
h. DNA polymerase and so on.

2. Foreign DNA/Passenger DNA:

It is a fragment of DNA molecule that is to be enzymatically isolated and cloned.

3. Cloning vectors:

Vectors or vehicle DNA are those DNA which can carry a foreign DNA fragment whenever inserted into it. The vectors generally utilized are bacteriophages and bacterial plasmids.

 

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