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  Sphygmomanometer

Sphygmomanometer:

A sphygmomanometer is a tool employed to measure blood pressure. The term is derived from the Greek sphygmus (i.e., pulse) plus the scientific (i.e., physical) term manometer.

Arterial blood pressure is the force of pressure that the blood is applying on the walls of the blood vessels in which it flows. The blood pressure in artery differs during the cardiac cycle. The cardiac cycle is stated as the cycle of events which occur during one systole and diastole of the heart. The systole refers to reduction and diastole the relaxation. During ventricular systole, whenever the left ventricle is forcing blood into the aorta the pressure increases to a peak that is termed to as systolic pressure. During diastole the pressure drops and the lowest value reached is termed to as diastolic pressure.

The blood pressure depends partially on the force and volume of blood pumped by the heart and partially on the contraction of the muscles in the walls of the arterioles. Blood pressure alters during anxiety, during physical exercise, and emotion and in sleep and so on. Though a prolonged or constant elevation of blood pressure, a condition termed as hypertension can raise a person’s risk for stroke, heart attack, heart and kidney failure and other health troubles. It is always appropriate to measure blood pressure if a person is in a relaxed and in resting situation.

The usual blood pressure value is 120/80mm Hg, in which ‘120’ symbolizes the systolic pressure and 80 the diastolic pressure. There are two types of sphygmomanometer namely, Monometric type and Digital (i.e., modern) type.

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                                                         Figure: Sphygmomanometer

  

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                                                             Figure: Method of measuring blood pressure

Uses:

1. Sphygmomanometer aids to guess the condition of blood circulation and the working of heart.

2. Sphygmomanometer aids to diagnose pathological conditions like hypertension (i.e., raised BP) and hypotension (decreased in BP).

 

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