Specific immunity cells

Specific immunity cells:

Specific immunity uses two main groups of cells:

(a) Lymphocytes, and
(b) Antigen presenting cells.

A healthy individual possesses around trillion of lymphocytes. The lymphocytes are of two kinds viz., T- lymphocytes or T-cells and B - lymphocytes or B - cells. Both types of lymphocytes, and also the other cells of the immune response, are generated in bone marrow. The procedure of their production is termed as haematopoiesis. Few immature lymphocytes, destined to develop into thymocytes, migrate through blood to the thymus, where they mature and distinguish as T - cells. The B- cells, on other hand, mature in the bone marrow itself. The B and T cells, altogether, generate two kinds of specific immunity, namely, (a) cell-mediated and (b) antibody-mediated or humoral immunity correspondingly.

(a) Cell-mediated Immunity (CMI):

Cell-mediated immunity is the duty of a subgroup of T cells, termed as cytotoxic T lymphocytes (i.e., CTLs). An activated cytotoxic lymphocyte is precise to a target cell that has been infected, and kills the target cell by a variety of mechanisms. This prevents the completion of life cycle of the pathogen and its expansion, as it depends on an intact host cell to do that.

Cell-mediated immunity is also included in killing of cancer cells.

(b) Antibody-mediated Immunity/Humoral Immunity:

Antibody mediated or humoural immunity includes the synthesis of precise antibody molecules termed as immune globulins by the B-lymphtocytes.

Each antigen has many distinct antigenic determinants, each of which matches a particular antibody and connects to it. The B cells, direct the antibody-mediated immunity. The antibody molecules (Igs) might be bound to a cell membrane in the form of receptors or they might remain free.

 

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