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  Region of polypeptide chains

Region of polypeptide chains:

Each heavy and light chains has two areas namely,

1. The variable (V) region or Fab region:

The V region displays a wide variation in amino acid series in the amino or N-terminal part of the molecule. These regions of high variability in the variable area of H and L chains are termed as ‘hotspots’ or hyper variable regions. Such hotspots are most intimately included in the information of the antigen-binding site. In both VH and VL areas of the chain at least three hyper variable regions/hotspots are present. The infinite range of the antibody specificity of immune-globins based on the variability of the amino acid series at the ‘variable regions’ of the H and L chains that form the antigen combining sites (i.e., Paratope).


2. Constant (c) region (or) Fc region (Fc = fragment of constant region):

The C region symbolizes constant region with consistent amino acid sequence in the C or COOH terminal part of the molecule.

(Fab – Fragment of antigen binding site and  Fc – Fragment of constant region)

Depending on the noticeable reaction generated on mixing with antigens, the antibodies are chosen variously as agglutinins, precipitins and so forth. Sera having high antibody levels following infection or immunization are termed as immune sera or anti sera.

 

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