Polymorphism

Polymorphism:

It is the “the existence in a natural population of two or more alleles in frequencies too huge to be elucidate by recurrent mutation”.

Therefore a polymorphic population will have numerous alleles of a gene as a permanent feature of the species. The varied alleles are favored and sustained in the population by genetical mechanisms.

A classical instance for such a polymorphism could be the existence of a genetic disorder in humans that is sickle-cell anaemia. Such disease decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and affects the blood supply to various organs. This disorder is inherited as a Mendelian recessive. It is more common among American blacks than American whites. In spite of its injurious nature the allelic gene responsible for the disorder is sustained in the black population. According to the work of Allison (1955, 61) it was revealed that in Africa the similar allelic gene conferred a benefit, that is, it protected the inheritors of such gene from malaria. Therefore the connection among sickle-cell anaemia and malaria was established. Therefore selection has encouraged the existence of such polymorphic allele in the population.

 

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