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  Neo-lamarckism

Neo-lamarckism:

Lamarck’s ‘theory of inheritance’ was further studied by an assembly of scientists. Their ideas supporting Lamarck’s opinion together constitute neo-Lamarckism.

The neo-Lamarckians were of the belief that ‘adaptations’ are universal in natural world. An adaptation occurs through causal relationship of function, structure, and environment. Due to the changes in environment, habits and life style of organism gets modified. Therefore gradually the organism gets new structures. The newly acquired character steadily becomes an inheritable trait. This opinion and argument is a customized form of Lamarckism. Such ideas stressed direct action of environment on organisms.

Support to neo-Lamarckian concept – Experiments:

1. McDougall (1938) tried to confirm that learning is an acquired character which can be inherited. He conducts his experiment on rats.

He formed a ‘T’ shaped tank. The tank had two exits. One exit was fine lighted. Though at the terminal area of the exit he deviced an arrangement for acquiring electrical shock. The pathway to other exit was kept dark. At the terminal exit point a small piece of cheese was kept as a prize. McDougall dropped some rats into the tank. Many of the rats favored lighted pathway to escape and at the exit they obtained electric shock. Those rats, which preferred dark pathway, received the cheese. He repeated the trial many times. Steadily many rats learnt the right route for escape. Afterward the rats were permitted to breed and the next generation builds up.

The similar experiment was repetitive in the second generation. According to Mc Dougall, it was claimed that the number of faults committed, steadily got decreased. The speed of learning rose from generation to generation. Therefore he concluded that learning is a gained character.

Though later workers found some technical faults in the work of Mc Dougall. The similar experiment while repeated in other laboratories failed to give same outcomes.

2. Temperature associated changes in the body of mice was noted by F.B.Sumner (1910). He reared one set of white mice in warmer temperature (i.e., 20 - 300c) and the other set in cold situations. He found that in warmer situations the mice developed larger ears and longer tails. He further state that these characters were inherited.

Through alike works claim for inheritance of acquired characters were made by Lindsey, Guyer and Smith and Kammerer. In all such works while repeating, critics have found technical faults and discarded them outright.

Though, the controversy over ‘inheritance’ of acquired characters still persists. This theory of Lamarck while has not been contradicted totally, it stays to be proved accurate.

 

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