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  Mechanism of fracture

Mechanism of fracture:

A fracture can be caused either by direct or indirect violence. Direct violence causes a fracture at the place of contact of the force. Indirect violence fracture is one which is transmitted to a bone away from the place of impact and generating the fracture there.

Torsion generates spiral or oblique fracture. It is significant to understand the mechanism of fracture as it aids in deciding the manoeuvres for dropping further damages. If a man falls down from a building or from a coconut tree he sustains a fracture on bones and spine. The fracture of bone is caused by the direct violence and the fracture of spine is caused by indirect violence.

Healing of Bones in fracture:

It comprises three phases, namely,

1. Inflammatory phase
2. Reparative phase and
3. Remodelling phase.

1353_healing of bones.jpg


                                                                  Figure: Healing of bone in fracture

1. Inflammatory Phase: - Whenever a fracture takes place, at the site of fracture the blood vessels get broken down and the blood fills up the space of the bone. This blood clots to form a haematoma. This procedure occurs in one to two days. The flexible tissue of this area undergoes inflammation.

2. Repairative Phase: - A phase of callus is created. It bridges the gap and establishes contact among the ends of fractured bone. The callus is nothing though granulation of tissues around the place of fracture. This phase occurs around eight to twelve weeks.

3. Remodelling phase: - Once the fracture is bridged by the callus tissue, the place of fracture undergoes remodelling by muscular and weight bearing stresses and slight distortion acquires corrected by moulding. This remodelling takes up to 1 year.

Physiotherapy and rehabilitation

Physiotherapy is the therapaeutic work out to make the limbs work usually. Therapaeutic exercise is carried out by physiotherapists beneath the supervision of orthopaedic surgeon. The general trouble at the end of fracture treatment is the wasting of muscles and rigidity of joints. Such two troubles can be rectified by physiotherapy, by slow exercises.

 

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