Dairy

Dairy:

Dairy operation comprises of proper maintenance of cattle, processing the milk, collection of milk, and it’s by products. Dairying is the making and marketing of milk and its products.

Dairy technology made fast growth in the latter half of the 19th century. New techniques and equipments are available for machine-milking of cows. Artificial feeds and nutrient foods are manufactured to enhance the milk yield of cows. Breeding methods and applications of biotechnology in livestock improvement program of cattle have extremely raised the production of new breeds with high milking capacities. As milk forms a staple food, majority of the population rely on milk for their protein supplement.

Important cattle breeds and their characteristics:

Among mammals, cattle’s belong to the genus Bos (i.e., ruminant quadrupeds), and the species being sub-divided into Bos indicus (i.e., humped cattle), Bos bubalis (i.e., the buffalo) and Bos taurus (i.e., without any hump).

At present there are 26 well defined breeds of cattle and six breeds of buffaloes found spread all over the country. Cattles are categorized under three groups based on the reason they serve to man. They are Dairy breeds, Dual purpose breeds and Draught breeds. The breed is a group of animals of a species that has for a long period been bred among them. The members of the breed have intimately resembling characters and such characters are hereditarily transmissible to young ones.

Common diseases and control:

Cattle are subjected to a big number of diseases. Cattle in usual health appear bright, active and alert in their movements with a shiny coat. They also take pleasure in usual appetite and sleep. Cattle in ill health emerge dull, restless and change posture often with a fall in milk yield.

 

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