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  Classification of grafts

Classification of grafts:

The graft can be classified into four main types.

1. Autograft: The tissue of the original donor is grafted back into similar donor. For illustration, skin graft from thigh to face in harshly deformed situation of burnt individuals (i.e., plastic surgery).

2. Isograft: Graft among syngeneic individuals (that is, alike genetic constitution). For example, clones or identical twins.

3. Allograft: (Homograft): Graft among allogenic individuals (that is, members of the similar species though of distinct genetic constitution. For illustration, kidney transplanted from one human to other.

4. Xenograft: (Heterograft): Graft among xenogenic individuals (that is, distinct genetic lineage). For illustration organ transplanted from pig to human, baboon to human.

Genetic basis of organ transplants:

Success of organ transplants (that is, Kidney, Cornea, Heart, Liver, Bone marrow) and skin grafts are based on a proper matching of histocompatibility antigens which take place in all cells of the body. Chromosome 6 of mouse has a cluster of genes termed as the major histocompatibility complex (i.e., MHC), which in humans is termed as human leukocyte antigen (i.e., HLA) complex. The alleles of HLA genes establish the histocompatibility that is, the compatibility among donor and recipient tissues in transplants.

 

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