Cardiac cycle

Cardiac cycle:

The chronological events taking place from the initiation of one heartbeat to the commencement of the next is termed as one cardiac cycle. In this cycle, the contraction stage is termed as systole. The relaxation stage is the diastole.

A single heart beat includes a systole and diastole in both atria and ventricles.

Atrial systole:

There is an uninterrupted flow of blood into the right atrium via superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus. Concurrently the left atrium accepts blood from four pulmonary veins. There is a passive movement of almost 70% of the blood. The residual 30% is pumped into the ventricles by atrial contraction.

Ventricular filling:

Whenever the valves in among atria and ventricles open almost two-third of the ventricle is filled. The remaining space gets filled up by atrial contraction.

Ventricular systole:

As the atrial systole finishes, the action potential produced by the SA node reaches the AV node and rest of the fibrous system. This causes contraction of the ventricular wall. Therefore ventricular pressure outcomes. The very strong ventricular pressure pumps the blood into respective arteries by causing the semilunar valves to unlock.

Ventricular diastole:

Soon subsequent to the blood leaves the ventricles there is a drop in the ventricular pressure. The semilunar valves shut and the atrial valves unlock to start the next cycle.

Heart sound:

The heart sound sense by a stethoscope is caused due to the shutting and opening of the valves. The production of sound is rhythmic. The initial sound is louder (lubb) and of longer duration (i.e., 0.16-0.90sec). It is due to closure of the atrioventricular valves at the starting of the ventricular systole. The second sound is of shorter duration (dubb) (i.e., 0.10sec). It is caused at the end of the ventricular systole by the end of semilunar valve. The heart beats at the rate of around 72-80 times per minute in adults. The ventricular systole causes a wave of distension due to blood flow. It is termed as arterial pulse. It can be experienced on the wrist. The pulse rate is equivalent to rate of heartbeat.

 

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10/7/2015 9:19:19 AM

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