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  Bacterial Diseases

Bacterial Diseases:

A. Salmonella and Human Diseases:

Salmonella are pathogenic bacilli that cause three types of infection to human’s namely, enteric fever (i.e., Typhoid or Paratyphoid), Gastroenteritis and Septicemia.

Typhoid fever is caused by S.typhi. It is transmitted through Pathogen contained food and water. The disease is characterized by a continuous fever, inflammation of intestine, build up of intestinal ulcers and enlargement of the spleen.

Gastroenteritis is caused by Salmonella, though most generally by S.choleraesuis. The bacteria attain the blood stream from the intestinal tract, where it multiplies. It causes chronic high fever, chills, loss of appetite and weight loss. Whenever the bacteria infect the organs from blood they can cause pneumonia, meningitis, abscesses, nephritis, osteomyelitis, or endocarditis, and so on.

B. Cholera:

Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholere. It is a disease of antiquity and has been the cause of innumerable sufferings and death. Cholera is transmitted in water and food contaminated with such bacteria. In small intestine, the bacteria adhere to epithelium, multiply and generate the enterotoxin. The symptoms of cholera are vomiting, profuse diarrhoeal stool (mainly rice water stool). Which outcomes in severe dehydration, loss of minerals, raised blood acidity and haemo-concentration?

C. Plague:

Plague is caused by bacterial species Yersinia pestis, non motile gram negative bacilli. There are two kinds of plagues. They are bubonic plague and pneumonic plague. Bubonic plague is characterized by enlarged and inflamed lymph glands (i.e., Bubos). The symptoms are fever, shivering, nausea, vomiting and common weakness. In untreated situations the bubonic plague can cause 58% mortality. The pneumonic plague is a pneumonia characterized by slim watery sputum with bright red streaks of blood. The mortality is 100% in untreated situations.

D. Syphilis:

The disease syphilis is a renowned and dreadful sexually transmitted disease (i.e., STD). It is caused by Treponema pallidium. Syphilis takes place only in humans and is transmitted by direct sexual contact (i.e., Venereal syphilis) or through placenta from an infected mother to the foetus (i.e., congenital syphilis). Venereal syphilis progresses in three phases namely, primary, secondary and tertiary phase. The symptoms are very well-known in the tertiary phase. It will lead to loss of hearing, blindness, brain damage, insomnia, headache and delusions and spinal cord damage.

E. Gonorrhoea:

Gonorrhoea is the other sexually transmitted disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoea. In the males the main site of infection is the urethra. In female it is the cervix. It causes pain during urination and a yellowish release from the urethra of males. In females also it causes painful urination and vaginal release. Other symptoms are abdominal pain, fever, arthritis, meningitis and so on.

 

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