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  User and System Requirements

Differentiating the User Requirements and System Requirements

User requirement refer to the high level abstract requirements. These are the statement in a natural language plus diagrams, of what services the system is expected to provide and the constraints under which it must operate. So user requirement definition is stated so the software must provide a means of representing and accessing external files created by other tools.

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System requirement mean the detailed description of what the system should do. These requirements set out the system services and constraints in detail. The system requirement document, which is sometimes called a functional specification, should be precise; it may serve as a contract between the system buyer and software developer.

Fig.3.1 shows the various types of readers of different types of specifications. Here in the figure the readers of software design   specification are also mentioned. This software design specification is a more detailed description and may be produced to bridge the requirements engineering and design activities. It is an abstract description of the software design which is a basis for more detailed design and implementation. This specification adds further detail the system requirements specification.

Basically the user requirements should be written for client and contractor managers who do not have a detailed technical knowledge of the system. The system requirements specification should be targeted at senior technical staff and project managers.  Again it will be used by staff from both the client and the contractor. System end users may read both of those documents. Finally the software design specification in an implementation oriented document. It should be written for the software engineers who will develop the system.

An Example Why are Requirements important

In 1994, the Standish group surveyed over 350 companies about their over 8000 software projects to find out how well there were faring. The results were sobering. Thirty one percent of the software projects were cancelled before completed. Moreover, in large companies only 9% of the projects were delivered on time and cost what that were budget and 16% met those criteria in small companies.

To understand why. Standish 1995 asked the survey respondents to explain the cause of the failed projects.  The top factors were reported to be:

1. Incomplete Requirements (13.1%)

2. Lac of User involvement (12.4%)

3. Lack of Resources (10.6%)

4. Unrealistic Expectation (9.9%)

5. Lack of Executive Support (9.3%)

6. Changing Requirements and Specification (8.7%)

7. Lack of Planning (8.1%)

8. System no Longer Needed (7.5%)

Notice that some part of the requirement elicitation, definition and management process is involved in almost all of this cause. Luck of care in understanding documenting and managing requirement can lead to a myriad of problem building a system that solves the wrong problem. That does not function as expected, or that is difficult for the users to understand and use. Moreover a poor requirements process can be expensive. Boehm and Papacies 1998, report process, it can cost $5 to repairs during design $140 during coding $20 during unit testing, and as much s $200 after delivery of the system. So it pays to take time to understand the problem and its context and to get the requirements right the first time.

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