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  Tools of Structured Analysis

Various Tools of Structured Analysis

Data dictionary: data dictionary has already been discussed in chapter 5 requirements analysis. But for revision purpose, we will discuss it briefly data dictionary is very important for representing the characteristics of every data object and control items that act as the building block of analysis model. This is done by data dictionary. It is a quasi formal grammar for describing the contents of a data object.

Structure English: Structured English expresses the verbal statements of the processes in more logical forms. It uses natural language along with the structure and block ideas like PASCAL. This technique is successful when there are not too many conditions to check in a process. Otherwise it is a complex process to examine. The basic difference between s structured English and JPASCAL block structure representation is the user of English. The main aim is to allow easy readability of the code of the process and thus makes it easier to check, debug and maintain. Structured English consists of following features.

1. Imperative sentences consist of imperative verb followed by action to be performed. For an example multiply gross by discount rate here multiply is imperative verb.

2. Arithmetic and relational operation uses common the metical symbols instead of imperative verb like for addition of subtraction, etc. Symbols used for logical operation are and oar and not.

3. Decision structure are of two types, one is if then else which is used to make a choice second one is for while case which   is used for loop and selective cases respectively.

Decision Table: Decision table is a very helpful tool when large   number of conditions is to be checked in arriving at a set of actions. It is a nonprocedural specification of decision rule. Like state table it helps in representing which event is related to which condition. It is drawn by dividing the table into four blocks. Leftmost contains all the separate conditions.  Right top block contains all the rules along with the Boolean value for conditions. Left down block contains that list of all the actions that is to be performed by the system. Right down block keeps the status of every action for every rule. An event which is to be generated when a rule is satisfied is marked in that rule column.

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Extensions for Data Intensive Applications: The basic notation for  structured analysis works well when relatively simple information  flows through a series of processes. As such in many  information  systems applications there is a  need to represent the  relationship between complex collections of data. To accomplish this structured analysis notation has been extended to encompass a data  modelling component. Data modelling answers a set of specific questions that are relevant  to any  data processing  application.

  • What are the primary data objects to be processed by the system?
  • What is the composition of each data object and what attributes describe the object?
  • Where do the object currently reside?
  • What are the relationships between each object and other objects?
  • What is the relationship between the objects and the processes that transform them?

To answer these questions data modelling methods make use of the entity relationship (E-R) diagram. In the context of structured analysis, the E-R diagram provides additional  insight into the  detail of data stores and their relationship to processes within the flow model. In addition the ER diagram complements the representation of data content contained in the requirements dictionary.

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