Introduction to System Characteristics
Any system comprises of some characteristics which play important role in the system development. There are basic seven system characteristics to be defined as given below:
1. Goal central Objective
2. Organization
3. Interdependence
4. Integration
5. Interaction
6. Equifinality
7. Entropy
1. Goal central Objective : A system must have s unique, static and central objective . this objective may be real or stated. The real objective is defined as an objective we are going to achieve or have achieved. But the stated objective may or may not be the real objective because if we achieve whatever we have stated then the stated objective becomes the real one. Otherwise if there is any difference between the stated objective and our achievement, then they are not same.
2. Organization : An organization concerns with the structure and arrangement of the components of the system to achieve the mentioned objectives . let us consider an engineering college staff member structure, as shown in figure below.
In the figure below a hierarchical structure is shown . at the top level there is the head of the college, who has his command on the technical and non technical staff members, shown at the lower levels. Here we can see that the order does matter. The order must be followed sequentially. Any component in independent manner can t work . so all the components must be linked together to from a whole system.
3. Interdependence : All the components of a system depend upon each other. The output of one component acts as the input of the next component. The whole system will work properly when all the components will together according to a plan. The unrelated and independent components don t constitute a system rather they are considered as the isolated components, not being the part of the whole system. So no subsystems can function in isolation because it depends upon the data (inputs) it receives from its previous subsystem to perform its required tasks. The tasks dependency can be understood as shown in figure below.
Any customer depends upon the developer to build the software. At the developer site the various activities like analysis design, programming and operations depend upon each other , an are performed in the sequential manner as shown in the figure above. so the output of one component will act as the input for the next component of the system. These interactions and relationships among the components are called as the synergism.
4. Integration: Integration is required to assemble all the components or subsystems of the system . so when all the parts of the system are linked together according to a plan. The system performs a specific job. Successful integration provides a synergistic effect.
5. Interaction: Interaction can be done only through the interrelationships of the components of the system. so interaction refers to the manner in which each components function with other components of the system. consider an example of computer system architecture , as shown in figure below.
All the components of the computer system are interrelated with each other in some manner. They are able to interact with each other either directly or indirectly . Like if CPU requires any program for some computation. Which is save in the main memory. Then it interacts with main memory. Even data and information can be transferred.
6. Equifinality: In this feature, a system can accomplish its objectives with varying inputs and varying processes. There is no one best way of achieving the objectives. A system should exhibit the equifinality i.e. can reach the same final result from different initial conditions and by various routes. There should be many alternatives to achieve the same objective from the initial stage.
7. Entropy : entropy means disorder. A system exhibit entropy i.e. is moves towards disorganization. Such system do not interact with their changing environment. For example a firm which is not sensitive to customer demand will eventually decline.
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