Introduction to Relationship
Relationship provide a pathway for communication between objects. There are mainly five types of relationship in UML: that exist among classes. They are as follows:
Before going in detail of these relations let us see some important terms related to them:
1. Multiplicity: It is defined as the number of objects of a class that participates in a relation. Or in more easy words multiplicity is the number of instances of one class related to one instance of the other class.
2. Navigation: It shows direction of a relation . it will be more clear in the examples that are presented later.
Association is a bidirectional structural relationship that describes connection among the classes. If the association is between two classes then it is called binary association. It is represented by a solid line. There can be association even among more than two classes, but it is very rare. Even an association can circle back to the same class.
2. Aggregation / Composition
Aggregation is another type of structural relationship, that connects two classes but in a stronger way. It is in fact a type of association where one of the class participating in a relation, participates as a whole while the other participates as a part. In simpler words it is the structural inclusion of one class by another.
3. Dependecy
A dependency relationship is a weaker form of relationship than the above discussed ones. A dependency states that a change in specification of one class my effect another class that uses the first one but not vice versa. Most often dependencies are used in context of classes to shown that one class used another class as an argument in signature of an operation. It is shown in fig 8.7,
4. Generalization /specialization
It comes from the property of inheritance of OOPS generalization is nothing but deriving a class out of a parent class having some inherited property ( form the parent class) and some new property of the derived class. The term generalization is for the inheritance in the bottom to up direction. i. e. ,from parent class to the derived class while another relation is specialization which is in direction form the parent class to the derived class. Both concepts are shown in fig 8.8
5. Realization
Realization is very similar to inheritance or specialization the only difference between them is that here a class is derived from an interface instead of a base class. an interface is a class or rather an abstract class where the operations are declared and not defined or implemented. The derived class implements the operation declared by the interface and thus the relation between an interface and the class that implements the interface is called realization.
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