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  Quality Function Deployment

Introduction to Quality Function Deployment (QFD)

QFD is the acronym for quality function, deployment, a customer driven methodology that originated in Japan in 1060s 1970s, QFD is essentially a structured team based approach of capturing and deploying the voice of the customer. The work quality in QFD denoted what a customer perceives as quality and thus refers to the customer s requirements.

QFD is customer driven is uses the customer requirements and prioritization to derive the functions that the product shall have and determines how these function are made available. Every function provided by the product is based on some customer requirement and the relationship between the deployments and the   requirement is depicted as a matrix.

The QFD methodology uses:

  • Quality from the customer prospective as the objectives statement.
  • Function is derived from quality and gives the product characteristics required to meet the customer requirements.
  • Deployment derived from the function.

QFD translates into broad step as:

  • The objective statement which gives the overall perspective who the customers are what their requirement are and what QFD is trying to achieve.
  • The in terms of the features the product needs to have to satisfy customer requirements.
  • The how the product will provide the required features.

So QFD keeps its focus on the customer requirements by ensuring that all functions and technical specification are derived from and can be   related to customer requirements.

  • In the context of requirements elicitation, QFD can be seen as having the following steps.
  • Identify who the customers are and what they require.
  • Identify product technical features that meet the requirements.
  • Relate the customer requirements to the technical features.
  • Develop alternate product architectures.
  • For key features, develop target values.
  • Define the architecture that will be used meet the customer requirement based on all of the above.

So QFD is considered one of the most effective means of making reliable and competitive products and is a corner stone for TQM and six sigma. It is suitable for design of competitive products.QFA defines an understanding of what is valuable to the customer and then deploys these values throughout the engineering process.QFD defines three types of requirements.

  • Normal Requirements: These are the general requirements that are stated by customer during meetings as his goals and objectives of the software. Normal requirements completeness leads to the customer satisfaction. For an example, requested types of specific system functions.
  • Expected Requirements: These requirements are not explicitly defined by the customer but generally their presence is expected by the customer in the software. So these requirements are implicit to the product and are so fundamental that they are not required to be mentioned explicitly. Their absence will lead to the dissatisfaction. Examples of these requirements are ease of user interfacing.
  • Exciting Requirements: Exciting requirement is not explicitly mentioned by the customer and customer does not expect such requirements. But if they are found and available their presence gives very much satisfaction to the customer. An example is word pad software is requested with standard features.

After defining such requirements of the QFD three types of deployments are also discussed with the customer during meeting.

  • Function deployment is required to evaluate the value of each function that is required for the software.
  • Information development identifies both the data elements and events that the software must consume and produce.
  • Task deployment examines the behaviour of the software with respect to its environment.

During each of three deployments, the criticality of each requirement with respect to the goal of the e software is determined. So a value analysis is performed to determine the relative importance of the requirements. So requirements are typically prioritized based on cost. Dependency and use needs.  

In addition, a customer voice table is made to fill   up its entries; QFD uses customer interviews and observations, surveys and examination of historical data as raw data, which are translated into the voice table entries. This table is reviewed by the customer itself. As with any other team methodology, QFS works best if it has management commitment and also the commitment of the team gathering the requirements.

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