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  Programming Guidelines

Introduction to Programming Guidelines

Programming involves  a great deal of creativity. The design  or requirement  specification may  suggest a programming  languages, either directly  because it is  specified  by the designers or customers. Or indirectly because of the  constructs used.

In this section  we will discuss several guidelines that apply to programming  in general regardless of the language. No matter  what  language is  used each  program component involves three major aspects control structures algorithms and data  structures. Several overall strategies are useful  in preserving the design quality in our  code. They are:

1. Localizing Input and Output

2. Including

3. Pseudo code

4. Revising and Rewriting not Patching

5. Reuse

1. Localizing Input and Output

Those parts of a program  that real input or generate output are  highly  specialized and must reflect characteristics of the underlying hardware and software. Because of this dependence, the program sections performing input and output  functions are sometimes difficult to test. In tact  they  may  be the sections most  likely  to change if the hardware or software is modified. Therefore it is describable to localize these sections  in components separate from the rest of the code.

An added  benefit  of localization is generalization of the overall system. Other  system wide  functions to be  performed on the  input can be included in the  specialized component  relieving the other components of the burden and thus  eliminating  repetition.  Similarly , putting output  functional in one  place makes  the system easier to understand  and change.

2. Including Pseudo code

The  design  usually  lays out a framework  for each  program  component. Then you add your  creativity and expertise to  build the lines of code that  implement  the design. Since the design is an  outline of what  is to be done in a program component it is  useful to move  in stages from the specified design to the  code, rather than  to translate the design  immediately into code.

Pseudo code can  be used to adapt  the design  to your  chosen  language. By  adopting  constructs and data  representation without  becoming  involved immediately  in the  specifics  of each command  we can  experiment  and decide  which  implementation  is more  desirable. In this way  code can be rearranged and restructured with a minimum of rewriting.

The pseudo code has acted as  framework on which  to construct  the code. In briefing  the code from the design  in this way   notice that the  design  organization has changed several times. Such changes must  be reported to and approved by the designers, so that  the links  among  requirements  design and code can  be documented  and maintained.

3. Revising  and Rewriting  Not patching

When  writing  code for the  software  development  we often  write  a rough  draft. Then it is carefully  revised and rewritten  until satisfied results are  not  achieved. If it is  seen that  the decision processes are hard to understand  or the unconditional branches are difficult to remove, then  it may be time  to return to the design. After that  the  design in re-examined  to see whether the problem  are related to the design  part or in the translation  of design to  code. So  it is checked again that  how the  data  are represented and  structure at the algorithms chosen and  at the  decomposition .

4. Reuse

As such  there two kinds  of reuse: Producer reuse and consumer reuse producer  reuse is that  where  we are creating  components designed  to be  reused in subsequent  applications  whereas consumer  reuse is that where we are using components  that were originally developed for other project. If you  are a consumer for your  current  project:

There  are four key  characteristics  to check  about  the components  to be reused:

1. Does  the component  perform  the function  or  provide the data  you need?

2. If minor  modification is  required is it less modifications than  building  the component from scratch?

3. Is the  component  well documented so that  you can  understand  it without  having to verify  its implementation line by line?

4. Is there  a complete record of the  component test  and revision  history  so that  you  can be  certain that it contains  no faults?

You  must also assess the  amount of code need to  write  so that  your  system can  interface with  the reused components. On the  hand if you are a producer of  reusable components  you should  keep in mind  several things:

  • Make your component general using parameters and anticipating similar conditions . to the ones in which your system will invoke your components.
  • Separate dependencies so that sections likely to need change are isolated from those that are likely to remain the same.
  • Keep the component interface general and well defined.
  • Include information about any fault found and fixed.
  • Use clear naming conventions.
  • Document the data structures and algorithms.

Keep the  communication and  error handling  sections separate and easy to modify.

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