Introduction to Programming Guidelines
Programming involves a great deal of creativity. The design or requirement specification may suggest a programming languages, either directly because it is specified by the designers or customers. Or indirectly because of the constructs used.
In this section we will discuss several guidelines that apply to programming in general regardless of the language. No matter what language is used each program component involves three major aspects control structures algorithms and data structures. Several overall strategies are useful in preserving the design quality in our code. They are:
1. Localizing Input and Output
2. Including
3. Pseudo code
4. Revising and Rewriting not Patching
5. Reuse
Those parts of a program that real input or generate output are highly specialized and must reflect characteristics of the underlying hardware and software. Because of this dependence, the program sections performing input and output functions are sometimes difficult to test. In tact they may be the sections most likely to change if the hardware or software is modified. Therefore it is describable to localize these sections in components separate from the rest of the code.
An added benefit of localization is generalization of the overall system. Other system wide functions to be performed on the input can be included in the specialized component relieving the other components of the burden and thus eliminating repetition. Similarly , putting output functional in one place makes the system easier to understand and change.
2. Including Pseudo code
The design usually lays out a framework for each program component. Then you add your creativity and expertise to build the lines of code that implement the design. Since the design is an outline of what is to be done in a program component it is useful to move in stages from the specified design to the code, rather than to translate the design immediately into code.
Pseudo code can be used to adapt the design to your chosen language. By adopting constructs and data representation without becoming involved immediately in the specifics of each command we can experiment and decide which implementation is more desirable. In this way code can be rearranged and restructured with a minimum of rewriting.
The pseudo code has acted as framework on which to construct the code. In briefing the code from the design in this way notice that the design organization has changed several times. Such changes must be reported to and approved by the designers, so that the links among requirements design and code can be documented and maintained.
3. Revising and Rewriting Not patching
When writing code for the software development we often write a rough draft. Then it is carefully revised and rewritten until satisfied results are not achieved. If it is seen that the decision processes are hard to understand or the unconditional branches are difficult to remove, then it may be time to return to the design. After that the design in re-examined to see whether the problem are related to the design part or in the translation of design to code. So it is checked again that how the data are represented and structure at the algorithms chosen and at the decomposition .
4. Reuse
As such there two kinds of reuse: Producer reuse and consumer reuse producer reuse is that where we are creating components designed to be reused in subsequent applications whereas consumer reuse is that where we are using components that were originally developed for other project. If you are a consumer for your current project:
There are four key characteristics to check about the components to be reused:
1. Does the component perform the function or provide the data you need?
2. If minor modification is required is it less modifications than building the component from scratch?
3. Is the component well documented so that you can understand it without having to verify its implementation line by line?
4. Is there a complete record of the component test and revision history so that you can be certain that it contains no faults?
You must also assess the amount of code need to write so that your system can interface with the reused components. On the hand if you are a producer of reusable components you should keep in mind several things:
Keep the communication and error handling sections separate and easy to modify.
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