Object Oriented Concepts

Introduction to Object Oriented Concepts

In this section  we will discuss objects classes their attributes operations and various features of objects oriented approach.

Classes and Objects

Objects and classes  are  the disuses building  blocks of any OO based project. They are discussed  below one by one  with their representation formats.

Objects

Objects  represent  some entities access methods from its parent class and has attributes that distinguish them from other objects  in the system. They can represent anything with  which properties and behaviour can be  associated, where properties describe  the current  state of the object and behaviour shows the way  an object acts and reacts thereby changing its state.

Two operations on objects are very useful in the software engineering concepts:

Object oriented analysis   which decides which  objects will be  important to the  users:

Then it work on the  structure relationships and behaviour  of these objects.

Objects Oriented design  considers the physical representation of objects, their storage issues etc.

Class

A class is the  units of data abstraction in an object oriented program. It is like a template for any number of objects to be  derived. It can be thought of as a data type and object is thought as a variable of that  type. So all  the objects with the same  properties and  behaviour are instances of one  class.

A class  contains all the code  that relates to its  objects. The code encapsulates:

  • The description of how the objects of the class are structured, and
  • The methods that implement the behaviour of the objects.

An instance of the  class is the  result of the  creation of a class whereas an instance variable can be defined as each  class declares some variable corresponding to the data that will be present  in each  instance. Such  variable are called instance variables. Next terms is the  class variable  a variable whose value is  shared by all  instances of a class such  variable is a class variable. If one  instance manipulates the value of a class variable then all the  other instances see the  same  changed value.

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