Introduction to Modelling the System Architecture
The various functions of the system are allocated to its different system elements, now, the system analyst can develop a model. This model can show the connectivity among the system elements and also sets a foundation of the later design step. So the system has to be modelled with a set of components and the relationships among them. As we know that in the general terms the architecture is defined as the input processing output. To model the system architecture. Hatley and pirbhai has extended this general architecture to somewhat more processing, and maintenance and self test processing.
Now, the complete system architecture can be made, based on these five factors and resultant model will be more effective. Sometimes in the architecture they are not shown externally, but it s considered that they are already included.
Architecture and their Related Diagrams
When the system model is developed, an architecture template is used. It shows the architecture format to be used. The format of architecture template looks like. As in the figure.
All the five factors mentioned by the Hately and Pirbhai are combined in format i.e. an architecture template. So the system architecture is usually depicted as a block diagram showing the major sub systems and the interconnection between these subsystems. Now the system engineer allocates the system elements to each of the five processing regions of the template.
To understand this template, the input is given from the left side, it is processed in between and then it produces the output on the right side. In general the user interface design is always associated with these three mentioned factors, that means when input is given processed and output is produced. Because user will always interact with the system whether it is to provide the input perform the processing or produce the output.
The maintenance is associated with process only because neither in the input, nor in the output, we have to perform the maintenance. During development, if we want to do any changes then they are done on the process to improve the output. The architecture template enables the analyst to make a hierarchy of detail and the top of this hierarchy contains the architecture context diagram (ACD).
ACD defines all external procedures of information used by the system, all external consumers of information created by the system, all entities that communicate via the interface and perform maintenance and self test. In the ACD all the subsystems are represented by the rectangle or box in its block diagram and the existence of relationships between these subsystems is indicated by arrows joining these rectangles. The relationships may include:
Data flow.
Uses by relationship.
Some other type of relationship.
Consider the ACD for the intruder alarm system as illustrated in figure below.
In this diagram, the decomposition of an intruder alarm system into its major components is shown. As such the alarm system is used to control the operations of the system. The brief description of each of its subsystem is in table.
As we can see that the ACD is categorized into subsystems. Each subsystem can be represented in a similar way until the system is further decomposed into its functional components.
The ACD shows major subsystems and data and control flows. In addition, the architecture template partitions each subsystem processing into its five processing regions. In this stage, each of the subsystem can contain one or more system elements that are functional components. So we can say that a subsystem in its own right.
The initial architecture flow diagram becomes the top node of a hierarchy of AFD. So each rectangle in the AFD can be expanded into another architecture template shown in figure below.
At the architecture level, it is now more appropriate to classify subsystems according to their functions before making decision about hardware /software tradeoffs.
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