Introduction to Logic Programming languages
Programming that uses a form of symbolic logic as a programming languages is often called as logic programming and languages based on symbolic logic are called logic programming languages. Slonneger and Kurtz have stated this languages as:
Logic programming allows a programming to describe the logical structure of a problem rather than prescribe how a computer is to go about solving it.
This language is based on the concepts of mathematical logic predicate calculus and lambda calculus. To understand the term predicate calculus. I would like to discuss some related terms:
Proposition : A proposition can be thought of as a logical statement that may or may not be true.
Example 10. . Consider the following statement written in LISP:
Man( Jake)
That means Jake is a man where man and Jake are compound terms and Jake is a Tuple.
Example 11. Consider the following statement of LSIP given as :
Likes ( bob ,tea)
That means bob like tea and bob tea is a two tuple in the relation named likes.
Symbolic logic : Symbolic logic can be used the three basic needs of formal logic to express propositions, to express the relationship between propositions and to describe how new propositions can be inferred from other propositions that are assumed to be true.
Predicate Calculus : The particular form of symbolic logic that is used for logic programming is called predicate calculus.
Logic programming languages are :Prolog SASL, FUNLOG, LOGLISP etc.
Example 12. Considering the program of prolog shown in fig 6.8. this program illustrates some relationship for father and grandparent.
Table
Every prolog statement is terminated by a period.
Example 13. Consider a program in PROLOG illustrated in fig 6.9, to find the length of an input list.
In this example length is finding the total elements present in N. As there are total of three elements x,y, and z so N= 3. So we can see here that various functions are used to make the program.
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