Introduction to Fourth Generation Language
Fourth generation languages (4GLs) consider the high level languages of 1970s and early 1980s. High level language code is thus considerably shorter and even simpler to understand. So then main objective in the design of 4GL is that each 4Gl statement should be equivalent to 30 or even 50 machine code instructions. A second major design objective of a 4Gl is easy in programming. In particular many 4Gl s are non procedural. The combination of 4Gl and databases create powerful database management systems.
Martin presents a comprehensive of 4GL s and develops the following broad categories.
(a) Query language : To data the vast majority of 4GL have been developed for use in conjunction with database applications. Such query languages enable the use to manipulate information contained in a pre existing database in a sophisticated manner. Some query languages require a complex syntax that is no simpler than a third generation languages.
(b) Programming Generation : Program generators represent another somewhat more sophisticated class of 4GLs. A program generator enables the user to create complete third generation language programs using an order of magnitude of fewer statements . these very high level programming languages make heavy use of procedural and data abstractions. Most program generators available today focus exclusively on business information systems applications and generate program in COLBOL.
(c) Other 4Gls : Although query languages and application generation are the most common 4GLs other categories also exists. Decision support language enable non programming to perform a variety of what if analysis that range from simple tow dimensional spreadsheet models to sophisticated statistical or operation research modelling systems. Prototyping languages have been developed to assists s creating prototypes by facilitating the creation of users interfaces and dialogs and providing a means for data modelling. Formal specification languages can be considered to be 4GL when such languages produce machine executable software finally tools used in a personal computer environment enable the user to program at a higher level of abstraction than previously available.
Fourth Generation Languages Are :SQL , ADF, ADS, APL, Focus Natural DMS Informix, normal powerhouse RAMIS II etc.
Example 17. Consider a function in SQL to determine the day. It is shown in fig 6.14, CREATE FUNCTION DAYS FN (mday number ) return char is DISP DAY CHAR (15) BEGIN
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the insulating materials are categorized chiefly relies on the thermal limit. the performance of the insulation relies on the operating temperature of it.
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