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  Fourth Generation Language

Introduction to Fourth Generation Language

Fourth generation languages  (4GLs)   consider the high  level languages of  1970s  and  early 1980s. High  level language code is thus  considerably  shorter and even  simpler  to understand. So  then main  objective  in the design  of 4GL is that  each 4Gl  statement  should be equivalent to 30 or even 50 machine code instructions.  A second major design  objective of a 4Gl is easy in programming. In particular many  4Gl s are non procedural.  The combination  of 4Gl and databases create  powerful  database  management  systems. 

Martin presents a comprehensive  of 4GL  s and develops  the following  broad categories.

(a) Query language : To data  the vast majority of 4GL have been developed for use  in conjunction with  database applications. Such  query  languages enable  the use to  manipulate  information  contained in  a pre existing  database in a  sophisticated  manner. Some query  languages require a complex syntax  that is no simpler than a third generation languages.

(b) Programming  Generation  : Program  generators represent  another  somewhat more sophisticated class of 4GLs. A program generator enables the user  to create  complete third generation language programs using  an order of magnitude of fewer  statements . these  very high level  programming  languages make  heavy use of  procedural  and data abstractions. Most program  generators  available  today  focus  exclusively on business  information systems applications and generate  program in COLBOL.

(c) Other 4Gls : Although  query  languages  and application generation are the most  common 4GLs other categories also exists. Decision support  language enable non programming  to perform  a variety of what  if analysis that range from simple  tow dimensional spreadsheet models to sophisticated statistical or  operation research modelling systems. Prototyping  languages  have been developed to assists s creating prototypes by facilitating the creation of users interfaces and dialogs  and providing  a means for data modelling. Formal specification  languages can  be  considered to be 4GL when  such  languages produce machine  executable software  finally tools  used  in  a personal computer  environment  enable  the user  to program  at a higher level of abstraction  than previously available.

Fourth  Generation Languages Are :SQL , ADF, ADS, APL, Focus Natural DMS Informix, normal  powerhouse RAMIS II etc.

Example 17. Consider a function in SQL to determine the day. It is shown  in fig 6.14, CREATE FUNCTION DAYS FN (mday number ) return char is  DISP DAY CHAR (15) BEGIN

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